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The Early Emperors of China
Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong are known as the Three Sage Kings. They are the leaders of their time and they made many contributions and sacrifices to improve the lives of the people of ancient China.
The first Sage King lived about 18,000 years ago. He is best remembered for his knowledge of making fire by drilling wood. With fire on demand, mankind can eat cooked food, keep warm and use fire to wild animals at bay.
Many people remember Fuxi for creating the Bagua or Eight Trigram which became the basis of the Yi Qing or the Book of Changes. However not many remember that he taught people to domesticate animals and lay traps to catch fish, birds and other wild animals. Even lesser people know that he invented marriage and the laws that governs it as well a 35 strings musical instrument.
The last of the Sage King was Shennong ?also known as Yandi. He invented many instruments for farming and taught people to grow rice, wheat, beans and two types of millet. He also devised barter trading. Lesser known is his involvement in invention of a 5 strings musical instrument.
Shennong risked his life by tasting hundreds of berries to seek remedies for illnesses. Despite being poisoned on many occasions, he carried on. One of the berries eventually took his life.
The Five Legendary Rulers, Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao and Shun then succeeded the Three Sage Kings.
Huangdi had strong management skills. He knows how to select the right people and motivate them to rule the country and to come out with innovations that benefit the people. Many great achievements were attributed to him.
Among Huangdi's achievements was the development of a written language, the compilation of the healing manual, The Yellow Emperor's Medicine Classic and the 60 years cycle Jia Zi Farmer's Calendar.
Huangdi advocated peace and avoided war. During his reign, the people enjoyed peace and prosperity and it ushered in the age of civilization for the Chinese people.
Huangdi was succeeded by Zhuanxu. Zhuanxu was not his son but he was chosen over many of Huangdi's son due to his ability. Among Zhuanxu's contribution was bring law and order to his people and consolidating the power of the central authority.
Diku who succeeded Zhuanxu was a benevolent king. He was also the great grandson of Huangdi. Diku reorganized the government and created new ministries with clearly specified duties. They include the ministry of Land, Forestry, Water, Minerals and Fire. His other contribution included improving the Farmer's calendar system.
Diku was succeeded by his son Yao. Yao was very much like his father ?benevolent and industrious. He improved the calendar system and modified planting to produce bigger harvests.
Shun was a young boy when his mother died. Despite ill treatment by his step mother and father, he remained filial to them. This is a virtue revered by the Chinese and it made his quite famous. When Yao heard about this he summoned Shun to his service. He was just 30 years old. Eventually Shun became Yao's son in law when he married King Yao's daughter.
Shun made many organizational changes. For example he divided the country into 12 states each with their own administrator. He also set the department of farming, music, rites, works, water and land. For the dukes and princes, he drafted many rules and regulations including the five rules of etiquette.
Shun was the last of the Five Legendary Kings. After Shun come Yu who founded the Xia dynasty. Today we remember Yu most for his skills in controlling flooding that wreak havoc on his people.
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